git常用命令

Posted by eye on 04-20，2023

GIT BASICS
git init	在指定的⽬录下创建⼀个空的git repo。不带参数将在当前⽬录下创建⼀个git repo	Create empty Git repo in specified directory. Run with no arguments to initialize the current directory as a git repository.
git clone	克隆⼀个指定repo到本地。指定的repo可以是本地⽂件系统或者由HTTP或SSH指定的远程路径。	Clone repo located at onto local machine. Original repo can be located on the local filesystem or on a remote machine via HTTP or SSH
git config user.name	针对当前repo配置⽤户名。使⽤–global 参数将配置全局⽤户名。	Define author name to be used for all commits in current repo. Devs commonly use --global flag to set config options for current user.
git add	将指定⽬录的所有修改加⼊到下⼀次commit中。把替换成将添加指定⽂件的修改。	Stage all changes in for the next commit. Replace with a to change a specific file.
git commit -m “”	提交暂存区的修改，使⽤指定的作为提交信息，⽽不是打开⽂本编辑器输⼊提交信息。	Commit the staged snapshot, but instead of launching a text editor, use as the commit message.
git status	显示哪些⽂件已被staged、未被staged以及未跟踪(untracked)。	List which files are staged, unstaged, and untracked.
git log	以缺省格式显示全部commit历史。更多⾃定义参数请参考后续部分。	Display the entire commit history using the default format. For customization see additional options.

GIT DIFF
git diff	⽐较⼯作区和暂存区的修改。	Show unstaged changes between your index and working directory.
git diff HEAD	⽐较⼯作区和上⼀次commit后的修改	Show difference between working directory and last commit.
git diff --cached	⽐较暂存区和上⼀次commit后的修改。	Show difference between staged changes and last commit

UNDOING CHANGES
git revert	对指定创建⼀个undo的 commit，并应⽤到当前分⽀。	Create new commit that undoes all of the changes made in , then apply it to the current branch.
git reset	将从暂存区移除，但保持⼯作区不变。此操作不会修改⼯作区的任何⽂件。	Remove from the staging area, but leave the working directory unchanged. This unstages a file without overwriting any changes.

REWRITING GIT HISTORY
git commit -m --amend	将当前staged修改合并到最近⼀次的 commit中。	Replace the last commit with the staged changes and last commit combined.
git rebase	基于对当前分⽀进⾏rebase。可以是commit、分⽀名称、tag或相对于HEAD的commit。	Rebase the current branch onto . can be a commit ID, branch name, a tag, or a relative reference to HEAD.
git reflog	显示本地repo的所有commit⽇志。	Show a log of changes to the local repository’s HEAD

GIT BRANCHES
git branch	显示本地repo的所有分⽀	List all of the branches in your repo
git switch -c	创建并切换到⼀个新的名为的分⽀。去掉-c参数将切换到⼀个已有分⽀。	Create and switch to a new branch named . Drop the -c flag to switch to an existing branch.
git merge	将指定分⽀合并到当前分⽀。	Merge into the current branch.

REMOTE REPOSITORIES
git remote add	添加⼀个新的远程连接。添加后可使⽤作为指定远程连接的名称。	Create a new connection to a remote repo. After adding a remote, you can use as a shortcut for in other commands.
git fetch	从指定抓取指定的所有commit到本地repo。去掉将抓取远程所有分⽀的修改。	Fetches a specific , from the repo. Leave off to fetch all remote refs.
git pull	从指定抓取所有分⽀的commit 并⽴刻合并到本地repo。	Fetch the specified remote’s copy of current branch and immediately merge it into the local copy.
git push	将本地指定推送到指定远程。如果远程没有对应的分⽀，将⾃动在远程创建此分⽀。	Push the branch to , along with necessary commits and objects. Creates named branch in the remote repo if it doesn’t exist.

GIT CONFIG
git config – global user.name	配置当前⽤户名，使⽤–global参数将针对当前系统登录⽤户⽣效。	Define the author name to be used for all commits by the current user.
git config – global user.email	配置当前⽤户Email。	Define the author email to be used for all commits by the current user.
git config – global alias.	配置⼀个git命令的快捷⽅式。例如：配置”alias.glog log --graph --oneline”使”git glog”相当于”git log --graph --oneline”.	Create shortcut for a Git command. E.g. alias.glog “log – graph --oneline” will set ”git glog”equivalent to ”git log --graph –oneline.
git config – system core.editor	配置⽂本编辑器，例如vi，在必要时⾃动打开此⽂本编辑器。	Set text editor used by commands for all users on the machine. arg should be the command that launches the desired editor (e.g., vi).
git config – global --edit	打开当前⽤户的git全局配置并编辑。	Open the global configuration file in a text editor for manual editing.

GIT LOG
git log -	限制log的显示数量。例如：”git log -5”仅显示最新5条commit。	Limit number of commits by . E.g. ”git log -5” will limit to 5 commits.
git log --oneline	每⾏显示⼀条commit	Condense each commit to a single line.
git log --author= “”	按提交者名字搜索并显示commit。	Search for commits by a particular author
git log --grep= “”	按指定内容搜索并显示commit。	Search for commits with a commit message that matches .
git log …	显示指定范围的commit。范围参数可以是 commit ID、分⽀名称、HEAD或任意相对位置。	Show commits that occur between and . Args can be a commit ID, branch name, HEAD, or any other kind of revision reference.
git log –	仅显示包含指定⽂件修改的commit。	Only display commits that have the specified file.
git log --graph	使⽤–graph参数显示图形化的branch信息。	–graph flag draws a text based graph of commits on left side of commit msgs

GIT RESET
git reset	移除所有暂存区的修改，但不会修改⼯作区。	Reset staging area to match most recent commit, but leave the working directory unchanged.
git reset --hard	移除所有暂存区的修改，并强制删除所有⼯作区的修改。	Reset staging area and working directory to match most recent commit and overwrites all changes in the working directory.
git reset	将当前分⽀回滚到指定，清除暂存区的修改，但保持⼯作区状态不变。	Move the current branch tip backward to , reset the staging area to match, but leave the working directory alone
git reset --hard	将当前分⽀回滚到指定，清除暂存区的修改，并强制删除所有⼯作区的修改。	Same as previous, but resets both the staging area & working directory to match. Deletes uncommitted changes, and all commits after .

GIT REBASE
git rebase -i	以交互模式对当前分⽀做rebase。	Interactively rebase current branch onto . Launches editor to enter commands for how each commit will be transferred to the new base.

GIT PULL PUSH
git pull --rebase	抓取所有远程分⽀，并以rebase模式并⼊本地repo⽽不是merge	Fetch the remote’s copy of current branch and rebases it into the local copy. Uses git rebase instead of merge to integrate the branches.
git push –force	将本地分⽀推送到远程。不要使⽤–force 参数，除⾮你完全明⽩此操作的后果。	Forces the git push even if it results in a non-fast-forward merge. Do not use the --force flag unless you’re absolutely sure you know what you’re doing.
git push –tags	使⽤push命令并不会⾃动将本地tag推送到远程。加上–tags参数会将所有本地tag 推送到远程。	Tags aren’t automatically pushed when you push a branch or use the --all flag. The --tags flag sends all of your local tags to the remote repo.